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AZ lion culled to aid bighorn sheep

Posted: Tue Apr 08, 2008 5:46 pm
by Emily
From the Yuma Sun:
http://www.yumasun.com/news/killing_408 ... _lion.html

Officials announce killing of mountain lion
Comments 21 | Recommend 6
April 3, 2008 - 10:38PM
BY JAMES GILBERT, SUN STAFF WRITER
Officials with the Arizona Game and Fish Department announced the killing of a mountain lion Saturday in the Tank Mountains, east of the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge.

According to Gary Hovatter, information and program manager for the Yuma Game and Fish Office, the lion is the second one to be removed under the department’s May 2007 “Kofa Mountains Complex Predation Management Plan.” It was confirmed as having killed four desert bighorn sheep and five mule deer since being captured and collared by the department in October.

"We have been transparent about these removals since we started this program," Hovatter said. "This is not a plan about mountain lion eradication, it's a plan about bighorn sheep restoration."

Hovatter said the killing was part of the ongoing effort to help restore the declining Kofa Mountains Complex desert bighorn sheep population, which was found to be at historic low numbers during the 2006 population survey.

"This is simply a continuation of the policy we established last May. And this is the second offending lion we have had to remove. We really do have mixed feelings every time we have to remove a lion."

Hovatter explained there is not a more important herd for this subspecies of bighorn sheep anywhere else in the country. He said the Kofa herd was once one of the most robust in the nation and has been a critically important source of transplant sheep for restoring desert bighorn sheep to Arizona and other southwestern United States mountain ranges for 51 years.

Transplants have been suspended until herd populations can be restored .

Back in June 2007, Game and Fish also announced it had killed the first offending lion at Dripping Springs, in the Plomosa-New Water Mountains, northwest of the refuge. When it was killed, officials said it was found guarding a cache of two freshly killed desert bighorn sheep and a mule deer.

"He was probably the largest young male lion out on the refuge," Hovatter stated. "The lion had been preying on desert bighorn sheep in the Kofa Mountains and other surrounding mountain ranges for several months."

A third mountain lion, a young male, was also collared in early June under the program, according to Hovatter. However, its collar came off less than two months later while the lion was roaming outside the refuge's boundaries.

"We are still seeing tracks in the area where he was known to be, so we are pretty sure it's him," Hovatter said. "That lion took a sheep but it was outside the refuge management area so it doesn't count as an offense against him."

Daniel Patterson, southwest director and ecologist for Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, as he did in January, called this latest killing unethical and urged the state agency to stop collaring and killing the mountain lions.

"They are an isolated population of mountain lions, so it's very unique to have them out there. We knew it was only a matter of time before they took another one," Patterson said. "Unless it stops, the state is very likely to kill all of them."

Hovatter explained that the lions that have been killed were both part of a small group of at least five mountain lions that have been spending time on the refuge and have been recorded by remote cameras at water catchments on the refuge over the years.

"We are confident that there are at least two more mountain lions out there," Hovatter said. "It is possible there even could be a third."

Of the estimated three remaining mountain lions, only one is female.

Under Game and Fish's predation management plan, Hovatter explained, a lion is determined to be a "significant threat" to the bighorn sheep herd and can be removed if it takes more than two sheep in a six-month period.

"If the mountain lion never takes a sheep, it won't be removed by us. We picked a standard for our program that only allows us to take a mountain that shows a tendency to feed upon bighorn sheep."

Hovatter explained that other predation management plans are in place at other refuges around the country that are much more strict, some of which allow for mountain lions to removed for just being in the area of a protected herd.

The mountain lion that was killed Saturday was wearing a global positioning collar that allowed Game and Fish officials to track its location.

Hovatter said the collars are programmed to record four of the mountain lion's location points each day. That information is then uploaded to a satellite, he said, which will download it to Game and Fish's computer.

He went on to say mountain lions can kill, on average, at least one large prey animal a week. The three remaining mountain lions, he said, can kill up to 156 animals a year, while the bighorn herd will only produce about 40 yearlings a year.

"It's simple math," Hovatter said. "So the large prey animal is either going to be a mule deer or a bighorn."

Patterson said the collars are basically a death sentence for the mountain lions and doubts they are being used for any type of legitimate scientific purpose.

"Given their behavior, Game and Fish appears to be using these collars to monitor the mountain lions so they can go out and kill them whenever they choose to do so."

Patterson also accused refuge officials of running the refuge as bighorn sheep farm and called for a more balanced approach.

Hovatter said while the five lions were spending enough time on the refuge to be considered "resident" lions, historically the Kofa complex has only had transient populations of lions.

"Based on our research and the past 100 years of records, there has been no indication that until recently that there has been a resident lion population. It's not a great habitat for the lions. They can't sustain themselves here."

Hovatter added that the last mountain lion killed in the Kofa refuge until this past year was in 1944. In the past 13 years of approved mountain lion sport hunting outside the refuge, he said, no lions have ever been taken.


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James Gilbert can be reached at
jgilbert@yumasun.com or 539-6854.

lion cull suspended

Posted: Fri Apr 25, 2008 9:27 pm
by Emily
http://www.azgfd.gov/artman/publish/article_797.shtml

Partners in Kofa National Wildlife Refuge bighorn sheep restoration effort announce moratorium on mountain lion control (As corrected April 22, 2008)

News Media
Apr 18, 2008

Note: A typographical error occurred in paragraph four of this release when it was originally distributed. In the final pre-release draft, the correctly worded sentence reads: "As announced in November 2006, that year’s population survey indicated that the estimated population had dropped to an historic low of 390 animals." In the released version it had been changed to read: "However, since 2006 the estimated population has dropped to an historic low of 390 animals." While those familiar with other documents on the Department web site (e.g., the November 16, 2006, news release on the results of the 2006 survey and the population estimate tables in the April 2007 joint "Investigative Report") will have immediately recognized the inaccuracy, we regret any confusion this typographical error may have caused.

YUMA, Ariz. — In support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (Service) intention to develop a mountain lion management plan and environmental assessment for the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (Department) has agreed to suspend for up to a year the lethal removal of any mountain lions captured and GPS-collared on the Refuge. On-refuge mountain lion capturing, collaring, and monitoring activities will continue.

The Service’s intention to develop the lion management plan, consistent with the National Environmental Policy Act, was previously noted in updates to the Department’s public Web site on the bighorn restoration effort. The plan helps fulfill one of the recommendations in the June 2007 joint Service-Department “Investigative Report and Recommendations for the Kofa Bighorn Sheep Herd” report, which was written to help inform Service and Department efforts to restore the Kofa desert bighorn sheep. The Service intends to start the public scoping process for development of a lion management plan later this month.

“This agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Arizona Game and Fish Department will allow us to continue to conduct valuable research on mountain lions and their impacts on the Kofa herd of desert bighorn sheep while concurrently carrying out a public process to develop a mountain lion management plan,” said Mitch Ellis, manager of the National Wildlife Refuge.

The Kofa herd was once one of the most robust herds in the nation and has been a critically important source of transplant sheep for restoring desert bighorn sheep to Arizona and other southwestern United States mountain ranges for 51 years. Historically, the Refuge has been home to a population averaging 760 bighorns. As announced in November 2006, that year’s population survey indicated that the estimated population had dropped to an historic low of 390 animals. However, since 2006 the estimated population has dropped to an historic low of 390 animals. Transplants have been suspended since that time.

Wildlife experts attributed the decline to a variety of potential factors, including drought, predation, wildlife water management, disease factors and human disturbance. It has been estimated that at least five lions had been spending enough time in the refuge portion of the Kofa Mountains Complex to be considered “resident.” Given the historical non-transient nature of this population, the resident lions were likely a significant cause of bighorn mortality.

Since June 2007, the Department has lethally removed two lions from lands surrounding the Kofa NWR after each had killed at least two bighorn sheep within a six-month period, which is the definition of an “offending lion” under both the joint investigative report and the Department’s May 2007 “Kofa Mountains Complex Predation Management Plan.” The suspension of lethal removal actions pertains only to lions that have been collared on Kofa Refuge.

“This agreement is consistent with the spirit of close cooperation and coordination between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Arizona Game and Fish Department that has characterized agency bighorn restoration efforts from the beginning of this challenge,” said Department spokesman Gary Hovatter.

Kofa National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1939. The refuge encompasses 665,400 acres of pristine desert that is home to the desert bighorn sheep and the California fan palm, the only native palm in Arizona. Bighorn sheep are found chiefly in the two mountain ranges that dominate the refuge landscape — the Kofa and Castle Dome Mountains. Although these mountains are not especially high, they are extremely rugged and rise sharply from the surrounding desert plains, providing excellent bighorn sheep habitat. Significant management emphasis remains on maintaining the bighorn sheep population. The management of mountain lions is part of a multi-faceted program to meet the objectives for desert bighorn sheep on the Refuge.

More details, to include copies of the joint investigative report and the Department predation management plan, and monthly updates on restoration activities are at the Department’s Kofa Web site: www.azgfd.gov/kofa.

Additional information on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge is available at the Service’s Web site: www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/arizona/kofa.

from public employees' whistleblower organization PEER

Posted: Fri Apr 25, 2008 9:31 pm
by Emily
http://www.commondreams.org/news2008/0421-06.htm

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 21, 2008
11:30 AM

CONTACT: Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER)
Carol Goldberg (202) 265-7337


Arizona’s Kofa Refuge Cougars Get One-Year Reprieve
Government Halts “Lethal Removal” of Refuge Puma after PEER Intervention

YUMA, ARIZONA - April 21 - State and federal officials announced a one-year halt of killing cougars on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge days after Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) said they would have to go to court unless the practice was ended. The announced moratorium on “lethal removals” of cougars will facilitate a study to determine whether cougars within the 665,000-acre southwestern Arizona refuge are responsible for a precipitous decline in prized bighorn sheep.

The Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) had allowed the Arizona Game & Fish Department to trap and collar cougars on the refuge, using the GPS collars to then track and kill cougars that have preyed on more than two bighorn in a six-month period. The lions are killed when the GPS signals indicate they have left the refuge boundary. In the past year Arizona Game & Fish has killed two cougars out of a small population of no more than five lions.

“This moratorium happened just in the nick of time to save the Kofa cougar breeding population,” stated Ron Kearns, a former longtime wildlife biologist at Kofa NWR. “Arizona Game & Fish had already killed the patriarch of Kofa cougars and they were close to capturing the matriarchal queen lion when PEER stepped in.”

Arizona Game & Fish derives significant revenue from selling bighorn hunting tags and is concerned that cougar predation may be costing it potential revenue. The federal refuge also expends significant funds to kill cougars in the name of bighorn protection, yet refuge management still allows the annual hunting of more than ten bighorn rams on the Kofa NWR itself.

“The Kofa needs to move toward ecosystem management and away from single-species game farm management.” stated Southwest PEER Director Daniel Patterson, an ecologist and an Arizona hunter. “There is room for pumas on the Kofa. Pumas and bighorn have an important relationship that ultimately is good for strong bighorn herds.”

On April 10, 2008, PEER sent a cease and desist letter to Southwest Arizona Refuges Complex Manager Mitch Ellis indicating that the cougar trapping and killing program violated federal environmental law and asked him to stop the puma killings. On April 18, 2008, Arizona Game & Fish and the Kofa NWR jointly announced that they would cease killing cougars for up to one year so the refuge could “develop a mountain lion management plan and environmental assessment” as required by law.

“This is a welcome and overdue development,” stated PEER staff counsel Adam Draper who wrote the cease and desist letter. “Public agencies should aspire to do more than shoot first and ask questions later.”

Under the arrangement, cougars may still be collared and tracked for research purposes. In addition, the remaining cougars are still in danger of being shot by hunters but the hunters are not supposed to use GPS signals to home in on the animals. PEER is urging the agencies to disallow any off-refuge hunting of Kofa collared cougars because, given the very small numbers, each lion is invaluable to the ecosystem and for the planned research.


Read the PEER cease and desist letter to the Kofa NWR